Passionflower Tea



By Wikijasha via Wikimedia Commons

Click image for Nighty Night on Amazon.com (affil.)

Way past her bed time, she stumbles into the kitchen and requests her sleep time tea. Sitting at the kitchen counter in her footy pajamas with the cheetah pattern, my daughter stalls for more awake time rather than going to bed. Soothing herbal blends are popular in my house just before bed.  Herbal teas are technically tisanes and are not strictly speaking teas – which are brews from the tea plant a/k/a/ Camellia senensis plant.  This night, I choose Nighty Night tea by Traditional Medicinals.  The largest ingredient in Nighty Night tea is passionflower.

In 1569, Spanish explorers discovered passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) in Peru. [1]  Native people of America used this plant for rest and relaxation. [1]  Although Passionflower was formerly approved as an over-the-counter sedative and sleep aid in the U.S., few scientific studies have tested passionflower for these purposes and it was taken off the over the counter market in 1978 because its safety and effectiveness had not been proven. [1]  However, according to the University of Maryland Medical Center, scientists believe passionflower works by increasing levels of a chemical called gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. GABA lowers the activity of some brain cells, making you feel more relaxed. [2]

Passionflower remains on the herbal market mixed in teas and other herbal blends.  A warm cup of passionflower tea with a  bit of sugar is how my little one likes it and it may be just the thing to lull her to sleep.

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[1] United States Health and Human Services, National Institute of Health, U.S. National Library of Medicine.  "Passionflower."   http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/871.html  Last reviewed - 02/16/2015.

 [2] University of Maryland Medical Center, Medical Reference Guide, Complementary and Alternative Medicine Guide.  "Herb, Passionflower." http://umm.edu/health/medical/altmed/herb/passionflower Last updated:  May 7, 2013.

Tea - Organic, Fair

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Fresh Ideas at the 2015 World Tea Expo

It's the week of the 2015 World Tea Expo.  Me and thousands of other tea enthusiasts from all over the world have flocked to the annual World Tea Expo, held this year in Long Beach, CA.  I've had a great time perusing the tea product displayed by the tea vendors. It can be challenging for a tea company to come up with new ideas for this centuries old beverage.  It was nice to see, nestled amongst the traditional standards, some unique and interesting ideas exhibited.  Here are a few I noticed.

One was Owl’s Brew (affil.), which sells tea cocktail mixers.  Their tea and natural spices are mixed, brewed and bottled in their factory in Vermont.  Just add the right liquor, as suggested in their recipes, and voila! you have a tastey cocktail.

Another was Summus Tea, with a new product designed for slow brewed ice tea.  The loose oolong tea leaves are sold in individually vacuum sealed capsules inside a lovely re-useable glass bottle.  Empty one capsule into the bottle, fill it with water, and let sit for 24 hours to get the perfect brew. Serve chilled on ice.

Then there’s bkon (they don’t capitalize their name). This company champions the cause of serving perfectly brewed tea with no messy strainers or tea bags.  Their product is an automated brewing machine with programmable menu.  Just input water and tea leaves and press the button for the recipe that matches the tea type.  The bkon brewer brews it up at the proper temperature, extracts flavors using patented reverse atmospheric technology, and gives you the final product perfectly brewed to the exact specifications each time.

Green in the Land of the Rising Sun

What is it about Japanese tea that gives it such a special place in my heart?  Like most other tea producing regions of the world, tea came to Japan by way of China.  As early as the 8^th century, Buddhist monks returning to Japan from studying in China are known to have brought tea back with them.  It wasn’t until the 12^th century, however, that Japan began cultivating its own tea and tea culture thanks to the Buddhist monk known as Eisai who first established tea farming in Japan when he brought back tea plant seeds from China.(1)

Japan is known for green tea, in fact, most of the tea produced and consumed in Japan is green tea. It differs from Chinese green tea because of different processing techniques. One especially unique Japanese technique is the steaming of harvested leaves to halt the oxidation.

Rona Tison, green tea expert and Vice President of Ito En tea company, discussed the five main Japanese teas to an audience of tea lovers at the San Francisco International Tea Festival 2014.  Here’s what I learned about them at her presentation:

Matcha

Photo by Hattie Hagedorn

Matcha is a powdered green tea used for the Cha-no-yu, which is the traditional Japanese tea ceremony.   It is prepared for drinking by adding hot water and using a fine toothed bamboo whisk to whip the tea liquor into a froth.  This style of tea was first created in China during the Song period (960-1279 AD), but lost popularity in China in subsequent years.  Nowadays, it is considered quintessentially Japanese.

Sencha

Photo by Masa Sinreih in Valentina Vivod

Sencha is green tea brewed from whole leaves.  The leaves are carefully chosen from tea plants fully exposed to the sun as they grow, not shaded.  About 80% of the tea produced in Japan is Sencha.(2)


Hojicha

Hojicha green tea is made by roasting bancha tea at a high heat instead of steaming.  Bancha are leaves and stems harvested in the later part of the year.

Genmaicha

Photo by Chahltd

Genmaicha tea is bancha or sencha with roasted rice kernels mixed in.  During roasting some of the kernels pop open like popcorn.

Gyokuro

Photo by A Girl With Tea

Considered the caviar of teas, Gyokuro is the highest grade of Japanese tea.  The leaves for this tea are harvested once a year during the late spring.  About two weeks before harvest, the entire tea plant is covered to shade it from sunlight until picking time.  This treatment is believed to bring out exceptionally rich flavors in the leaves.

So, what is it about Japanese teas that I like?  Perhaps the flavor of the steamed leaves, or the thick liquor of a whipped brew of powdered matcha, or the savory notes when roasted rice is mixed in, or perhaps just the beautifully refined cha-no-yu culture.  For me it’s all good.

Tison's presentation was a good start for my forays into Japanese teas.  Explore for yourself, if you haven’t already.  Here’s a link to a video where Christine Savage, tea expert at the Samovar Tea Lounge, introduces several types of Japanese green teas.  She gives a great overview on how the teas are processed and what their particular characteristics are.


Click the image for link to video.



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1. Tea: History, Terroirs, Varieties, by The Camelia Sinensis Tea House (Kevin Gascoyne, Francois Marchand, Jasmin Desharnais, Hugo Americi. Firefly Books Ltd, 2014, p.90
2. Tea: History, Terroirs, Varieties, by The Camelia Sinensis Tea House (Kevin Gascoyne, Francois Marchand, Jasmin Desharnais, Hugo Americi. Firefly Books Ltd, 2014, p.116

3rd Annual San Francisco International Tea Festival

The 3^rd annual SF International Tea Festival was held this past Sunday in the iconic Ferry Building of San Francisco.  There was quite an enthusiastic showing of vendors. Some came from afar, but most were small, California based, specialty tea companies.  Here are some of the tables I stopped by…


Ghograjan Tea Estate, Assam, India

 

The Imperial Tea Court, San Francisco, CA





Tea Xotics, El Dorado Hills, CA  



Chado Tea Room, Los Angeles and Pasadena, CA



The Tea Room (tea infused chocolate!), San Leandro, CA



Red Circle Tea, San Francisco, CA

Eat your tea!...Laphet Thoke

Laphet Thoke - tea meal unmixed

At the Rangoon Ruby restaurant in Palo Alto, I had the best tea and didn’t even drink it!  I couldn’t actually drink it because it was a salad.  While eating tea leaves is not common in most parts of the world, it is a popular tradition in Myanmar (formerly Burma) in the form of tea leaf salad.  There, tea leaf salad, Laphet Thoke, is a typical part of family meals.[1]



Palaung woman prepares to ferment tea leaves
Photo credit: Claudia

“Laphet” in Burmese means pickled tea and “Thoke” means mixture or salad.  Laphet is made by fermenting fresh tea leaves.  Newly picked tea leaves get steamed for about an hour, then spread on mats and hand pressed.  The leaves are then packed tightly into a container (traditionally a bamboo lined pit) and covered with stones or another weight to compress the leaves and squeeze out air.  They are then left that way to ferment for several months to as long as a year.[2]  Laphet as a delicacy was originally created and produced by the Palaung people in the Shan region of northern Myanmar.[3]  Sixty percent of the tea produced in Myanmar still comes from this region.[4]

Laphet Thoke - tea meal mixed

The salad I ate was brought to the table in the traditional way, which is on a single plate with separate piles of additional ingredients - nuts, seeds, lettuce…  It was then tossed together and served.  The flavors were layered and complex with a sweet and sour tang and a little bit of a spicy after taste.  I loved the jumble of textures - soft, crunchy and crisp elements.  It was wonderful.

Laphet Thoke can come in many variations.  Here’s one recipe you might like:

1/3 cup fermented green tea leaves
4 cloves of garlic (chopped)
1/4 cup peanut oil
2 tablespoons peanuts (coarsely chopped)
2 tablespoons cooked lentils
1 tablespoon sesame seeds (toasted)
2 tablespoons dried shrimp
1/2 lime (sliced or juiced)
1/3 cup shredded cabbage or lettuce

Sauté the garlic in 2 teaspoons of the oil until it starts to turn brown. Remove from heat.  Combine with the tea leaves and the remaining oil in a bowl and knead. Let the mixture sit at least one hour or until leaves soften.  Serve with the other ingredients.

Click here to find Burmese tea salad kit on Amazon.com

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[1] http://www.myanmars.net/myanmar-culture/myanmar-laphet.htm
[2] “The Art of Fermentation: An In-Depth Exploration of Essential Concepts and Processes from around the World,” by Sandor Ellix Katz, 2012
[3] http://www.myanmarburma.com/attraction/549/the-Palaung
[4] https://www.dvb.no/news/tea-industry-in-steep-decline-burma-myanmar/40652